Mining

Is there enough metal to replace oil?

“THE PAST: “An industrial ecosystem of unprecedented size and complexity, that took more than a century to build with the support of the highest calorifically dense source of cheap energy the world has ever known (oil) in abundant quantities, with easily available credit, and unlimited mineral resources.”

“THE PRESENT: We now seek to build an even more complex system with very expensive energy, a fragile finance system saturated in debt, not enough minerals, with an unprecedented number of the human population, embedded in a deteriorating environment.”

—Simon P. Michaux, PhD (Geological Survey Finland)

...